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Utilization of plant bioindicators in monitoring of environmental contamination
Koláček, Tomáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Environmental contamination may be observed by different analytical tools as well as by various types of bioindicators providing relevant information about the effects of toxic substances and their mixtures towards organisms in situ. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of plant bioindicators and biomonitors suitable for biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in natural ecosystems. For groups of organic pollutants such as PCBs, PCDDs / Fs, PBDEs, PAHs, PFCs, and OCPs, review of literature is provided including knowledge about different species of coniferous trees, angiospermous plants (including crops), mosses and lichens that can be used for monitoring. In this work, analysis examples of samples of pine needles, bark, moss and lichen tissue are quoted as biomonitor tools. An overview of plants for phytotoxicity and genotoxicity observation using pollen grains abortivity and online bioindication as an example on non-specific biomonitoring is also provided.
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Secondary Metabolits of Bryophytes
Štěpán, Michal ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
The bryophytes are a very old group of plants that are credited with being the first to make the transition to land. To make this land transition possible, plants needed to develop strategies to combat various external environmental factors. And these means, to effectively combat the struggle on land, are various secondary metabolites. It goes without saying that the development of various protective mechanisms did not end there. In the conditions in which mosses live, they need to fight against various fungi and bacteria. In the fight against these organisms, they also use various secondary metabolites, of course. Moss secondary metabolites are a very interesting and understudied field. In this work, information regarding secondary metabolites of bryophytes and their analysis as well as the possible uses of isolated secondary metabolites are included. The beginnings of secondary metabolite research are covered, from one of the first terpenes isolated, which was marchantin in Marchantia polymorpha, to present-day studies focusing on the discovery of new secondary metabolites directly in selected representatives of bryophytes and, of course, their applicability in human activities. It has been confirmed from various international publications that bryophytes produce specific secondary metabolites...
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Biology of epiphytic bryophytes: methods of study
Reitschmiedová, Erika ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Novozámská, Eva (referee)
This thesis is aimed to provide basic description and summary of methods used to study biology/ecology of bryophytes, especially epiphytes. Described methods include study of mosses and liverworts; hornworts are not included due to the fact that their epiphytic form is not known. There are five chapters in this thesis, all of them are primarily focused on description of basic or most useful methods for studying phenology, growth, bioindication and environmental conditions, e.g. light and water relationship measurement as well as bark pH measurement. The last one, "Forms and Strategies", is only terminological and it includes terms of life and growth forms and life strategy which are used in studying colonies of bryophytes.
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Biogeographical position of the Tristan da Cunha archipelago based on floristic records.
Vinšová, Petra ; Kopalová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Žárský, Jakub (referee)
The archipelago Tristan da Cunha is situated in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and southern tip of Africa. It represents one of the least disturbed temperate island systems in the world, supports many endemic plant and animal species. Although the locality is interesting by many aspects, many fields still remain under-studied. This bachelor thesis presents a synthesis of available literature about the archipelagos non-marine non-vascular floras, which are of a great diversity, but mostly still overlooked by scientist. For some of them were made lists of taxa present. Further, the distributional ability and patterns of this plant groups are discussed. KEYWORDS: Tristan da Cunha; Oceanic islands; Botanic; Distribution; Island Biogeography; Lichens; Mosses; Liverworts and Hornworts; Diatoms;
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Comparison of the measured specific activities of cesium 137 in different species of bryophytes.
TRNKOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis focuses on measuring specific activities of Cs-137 in different species of moss in areas affected by radiation fallout and compares the species different tendencies to absorb radionuclides. The research question is: Do different species of moss in areas affected by radiation fallout contain different amounts of Cs-137? The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the radiobiological problematics, including basic terms and units, and its contemporary situation. This part also focuses on radionuclide Cs-137 and its sources and kinetics in nature. The practical part describes used methodology and consequently focuses on the results of measuring chosen moss samples, including their subsoils. Specialised literature describes mosses as significant bioindicators of radionuclides. This thesis tries to distinguish different species and establish whether those different species have different tendencies to absorb radionuclides. The locations for sampling were chosen according to previous studies which located areas with high concentration of Cs-137 caused by radiation fallout in 1986. The total amount of moss and subsoil samples is 20 samples each. One of the locations was Russian island Valaam in Ladoga Lake where four samples were collected. Specific activity was measured using semiconductor gamma spectometry. Beside Cs-137, the focus was on concentration of natural radionuclide K-40. Measured spectra were evaluated by GAMWIN software. Measuring specific activity of Cs-137 in moss and subsoil samples and calculation of transfer ratio proved that different species of moss in areas affected by radiation fallout contain different amount of Cs-137.
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Biology of epiphytic bryophytes: methods of study
Reitschmiedová, Erika ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Novozámská, Eva (referee)
This thesis is aimed to provide basic description and summary of methods used to study biology/ecology of bryophytes, especially epiphytes. Described methods include study of mosses and liverworts; hornworts are not included due to the fact that their epiphytic form is not known. There are five chapters in this thesis, all of them are primarily focused on description of basic or most useful methods for studying phenology, growth, bioindication and environmental conditions, e.g. light and water relationship measurement as well as bark pH measurement. The last one, "Forms and Strategies", is only terminological and it includes terms of life and growth forms and life strategy which are used in studying colonies of bryophytes.
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Utilization of plant bioindicators in monitoring of environmental contamination
Koláček, Tomáš ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Čáslavský, Josef (advisor)
Environmental contamination may be observed by different analytical tools as well as by various types of bioindicators providing relevant information about the effects of toxic substances and their mixtures towards organisms in situ. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of plant bioindicators and biomonitors suitable for biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in natural ecosystems. For groups of organic pollutants such as PCBs, PCDDs / Fs, PBDEs, PAHs, PFCs, and OCPs, review of literature is provided including knowledge about different species of coniferous trees, angiospermous plants (including crops), mosses and lichens that can be used for monitoring. In this work, analysis examples of samples of pine needles, bark, moss and lichen tissue are quoted as biomonitor tools. An overview of plants for phytotoxicity and genotoxicity observation using pollen grains abortivity and online bioindication as an example on non-specific biomonitoring is also provided.
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Ecological study of the moss \kur{Hamatocaulis vernicosus}
ŠTECHOVÁ, Táňa
The thesis is focused on the endangered wetland moss Hamatocaulis vernicosus. The studies included vegetation and chemical characteristics of the species? habitats and long-term reaction to management and other environmental factors, comparison of ecological requirements of H. vernicosus and two related species, differences of habitat preferences among some European regions (Bohemian Massif, Western Carpathians, Southern Europe) and among parts of the Czech Republic. Recent and historical distribution of the species was compared, including the quantification of all recent populations.
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